\documentclass{../signatures}
\labacronym{MUO}
\labtitle{Muon Lifetime}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\names
\textbf{Suggested reading to start with (see the end of the manual for more):}
\begin{enumerate}
    \item 111B MUO manual
    \item Tektronix,
    ``\href{https://www.tek.com/en/documents/primer/how-to-use-an-oscilloscope?utm_source=chatgpt.com}{\textbf{How to use an Oscilloscope}}''
\end{enumerate}
\prelab

\begin{enumerate}

    \item What is a muon? How and where are the muons in this experiment produced? Introduce different types of muon decay.    
    
    \item How to capture a muon and convert the decay process into electric signal so that we can do statistics?

    \item In deriving the muon lifetime from the measured data, does any correction need be made for the time that the muon travels before it reaches the tank?

    \item The cosmic ray flux at sea level, integrated over all angles is approximately one particle per square centimeter per minute on any horizontal surface. The flux passing in both directions through a vertical surface is one-half as much. Use the zenith angle dependence of muon intensity to prove this result. Muons come only from the upper hemisphere (above the horizon). Based on this result, do you think the geometry of the detector matters.

    \item Given the geometry of the detector, 60 cm x 30 cm x 240 cm high, calculate the number of cosmic rays per minute which enter the detector.
    
    \item The fact that Figure 6 of Rossi (\href{https://experimentationlab.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/Muon/References/02-Cosmic-Ray_Phenomena.pdf}{Ref. 2}) is relatively flat from zero to several hundred g/cm2, means that the number of muons which stop in a fairly shallow detector depends only on the mass of the detector. It does not depend on the shape of the detector, nor on the direction of incidence of the muons. For solid angle use 2$\pi$/3 steradians (cos2$\theta$ integrated over the upper hemisphere), calculate the number of muons that will stop in the detector. Assume the density of the mineral oil is 0.8 g/cm3.

    \item Think how you will analyze the data. 1) Data selection. If two muons enter the detector nearly at the same time, how does this “double-pulse” (pileup) affect the lifetime measurement, and how can we identify and remove these events? Also, if there is a roughly constant background noise rate, how will it bias the fitted lifetime, and what is the proper way to correct for it? 2) The late-time tail often has low statistics and can be background-dominated. How should we choose a reasonable fitting range, and how do we decide where to stop (cut) the data used in the fit? 3) Does the muon capture process affect the measured lifetime, how you correct that?
       \\[36pt]
\end{enumerate}

\prelabsignatures

\pagebreak

\midlab

On day 3 of this lab, you should have successfully acquired an over-night muon spectrum with a calibrated time scale. Make a crude measurement of the lifetime. Show your spectrum to a GSI and ask for a signature.
\\[8pt]

\midlabsignatures{3}

\checkpointsection 

\begin{enumerate}

\item \checkp{Apparatus in the other room}

\item \checkp{Oscilloscope (MSO-2024)}

\item \checkp{Trigger Rate}

\item \checkp{Initial Test Run} 

\item \checkp{Time Difference Data}

\end{enumerate}

\end{document}